ABSTRACT
Diarrhoea is one of the foremost public health problems worldwide especially among Children under five years in developing countries. Only few studies have investigated the epidemiology and virulence of Escherichia coli pathotypes in South-Eastern and South-Western Nigeria leaving the Northern part of the country unstudied. In this study, a total of 100 isolates of E. coli (45%) were obtained from the stool of 222 diarrhoea patients who were children below five (5) years attending Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Shika, and Institute of Child Health, Banzazzau; an annex of Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Shika-Zaria, Nigeria. The isolation and biochemical identification of the E. coli isolates were performed using standard microbiological procedures. A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was used to differentiate the five (5) major diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli pathotypes (EHEC, ETEC, EPEC, EIEC and EAEC) in one reaction condition, by using different diarrhoeagenic E. coli primers for different virulent genes found in E. coli. From the result obtained, only one (1) percent of the isolates was found to harbor the virulence gene out of the 100 E. coli isolated from the diarrhoea stools of children employed in this study.
ABSTRACT
To evaluate the etiology, perioperative management and outcome of surgery in cases of tracheal stenosis. This was a retrospective analysis of patients with tracheal stenosis who underwent resection with anastomosis from January 2000 until December 2010. Ten patients, aged between 15 to 53 years old [mean of 34.4 years] were included. Post intubation injury was the major cause of tracheal stenosis [n=8], followed by external laryngeal trauma [n=2]. Using the Cotton-Myer classification, 60% of patients had Grade III stenosis whilst 40% had Grade IV stenosis. Intravenous corticosteroids were given 24 hours before extubation. Four patients were well post- operatively without complications. The most common complication in the other patients was granulation tissue in the anastomosis region [n=3], vocal cord paresis [n=2] and one restenosis [n=1]. Four of these patients underwent examination under anesthesia with removal of granulation tissue and/or laser dilatation. However, 2 cases needed Shian Lee operation and required T-tube until present. The success rate for tracheal resection and anastomosis is taken as the number of patients successfully decannulated, which was 80%. Tracheal resection with end-to-end anatomosis was a successful procedure for cervical tracheal stenosis, with low mortality and few complications related to it
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Tracheal Stenosis/etiology , Anastomosis, Surgical , Trachea/surgery , Perioperative Care , Disease Management , Treatment Outcome , Retrospective Studies , Intubation, IntratrachealABSTRACT
Background: The biosorption process has found numerous applications due to low cost, availability, biosorbent reuse, and utilization of excess sludge from wastewater treatment facilities. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficiency of dried activated sludge in removing Reactive Orange 3R dye
Materials and Methods: For this experimental, laboratory study, dye solutions were prepared in three concentrations: 50, 100, and 150 mg/L. The solutions were then subjected to adsorbent in weights 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 g for various durations [0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3 hours] in different pH levels [4, 7, and 12]. Data was analyzed using Excel software
Results: Increasing contact time from 0.5h to 3h, the dye removal efficiency increased from 56% to 76%. When the weight of the biomass increased from 0.2g to 0.8g, the dye removal efficiency increased from 58% to 72%. High initial iron concentration had an adverse effect on iron removal efficiency
Increasing initial dye concentration from 50 to 150 mg/L decreased iron removal efficiency from 71% to 62%. Freundlich isotherm models could describe the adsorption equilibrium of the dye onto the activated sludge. Freundlich isotherm represented a better correlation compared to other isotherms [R2>0.952]. Also, second-order models fit well with experimental data [R2>0.979]
Conclusion: This technology for dye removal from industrial wastewater, in addition to the optimal use of biomass from wastewater, can help resolve the environmental problem of wastewater dye excretion
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A new simple, rapid, selective, precise and accurate isocratic reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography assay has been developed for the estimation of Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride in tablet formulation. The separation was achieved by using C-18 column (LichroCART® 125x4mm, 5μm) coupled with a guard column of silica in mobile phase methanol: buffer (0.025M Orthophosphoric acid with the pH adjusted to 3.0±0.1 with triethylamine) (40:60v/v). The flow rate was 2.0ml/min and the drug was detected using UV detector at the wavelength of 278nm. The retention time was within 1.753 – 1.757 minutes. The method was validated as per ICH guidelines. The proposed method was found to be accurate, repeatability and consistent. It was successfully applied for the analysis of the drug in marketed formulation and could be effectively used for the routine analysis of formulation containing the drug without any alteration in the chromatography conditions.
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Background: Infertility is a global public health problem affecting an average of 8 - 12of couples with severe social implications. The perception of a disease often influences the efficacy of its preventive strategies as well as management outcome. Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study of 289 undergraduates of Bayero University Kano was conducted between January and February 2009 using a multi-stage sampling technique to assess their perception regarding the causes of infertility and its management. Results: Majority of the respondents were between the age of 18 and 29 years; and most (67) were single. Though there was largely high awareness about infertility; the knowledge regarding the causes was poor. There was positive attitude towards infertile couples and infertility in general. Conclusion: Improved health education on the awareness; causes and prevention of infertility among students and the wider public is recommended
Subject(s)
Disease Management , Infertility/etiology , Infertility/prevention & control , Students , UniversitiesABSTRACT
Background: Cancer of the cervix, a preventable disease, is the second most common cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality in women in the developing world. Experience of the disease in Sokoto is lacking in the literature. The aim of this study is to determine the demographic characteristics, clinical features, stage of the disease at presentation and outcome in cases of carcinoma of the cervix in the Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital(UDUTH), Sokoto. Materials and Methods: A descriptive retrospective study of all patients diagnosed with carcinoma of the cervix between January 1998 and December 2003 at UDUTH, Sokoto. Results: There were 100 cases of carcinoma of the cervix during the 6-year study period. The peak age incidence was in the 50-59 year age group(30), and mean age was 48 years. Parity ranged from 0 to 13. Sixty-seven percent(67) of patients were Para 5 and above. The main clinical features were irregular vaginal bleeding, postmenopausal bleeding, offensive vaginal discharge and abdominal/pelvic pain. Eighty-nine percent (89) of patients presented in advanced stages of the disease(Stage IIb to IV). Most patients were not able to receive radiotherapy and were lost to follow-up. Conclusions: Carcinoma of the cervix in Sokoto is a disease of grandmultiparous women who usually present at the advanced stages. Prognosis is poor due to late presentation and inability to afford the cost of radiotherapy. It is recommended that measures to prevent carcinoma of the cervix must be put in place, chief amongst which is the implementation of a population-based screening programme